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In architecture, a tympanum (plural, tympana) is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, bounded by a lintel and arch.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Glossary - Tympanum ) 〕 It often contains sculpture or other imagery or ornaments.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Glossary of Medieval Art and Architecture - tympanum )〕 Most architectural styles include this element.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Illustrated Architecture Dictionary - Tympanum )〕 In ancient Greek and Roman and in Christian architecture tympana usually contain religious imagery,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tympanum )〕 when on religious buildings, and are very often the most important, or only, location for monumental sculpture on the outside of a building. In classical architecture, and in classicising styles from the Renaissance onwards, major examples are usually triangular; in Romanesque architecture they have a semi-circular shape, or that of a thinner slice from the top of a circle, and in Gothic architecture they have a more vertical shape, coming to a point at the top. These shapes naturally influence the typical compositions of sculpture within the tympanum. Bands of molding surrounding the tympanum are referred to as the archivolt.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Glossary of Medieval Art and Architecture - archivolt )〕 In medieval French architecture the tympanum is often supported by a decorated pillar called a ''trumeau''. ==Gallery== Image:pediment.on.pantheon.in.rome.arp.jpg|The 2000-year-old Pantheon in Rome, Italy (the tympanum is the area inside the triangular pediment—plain here but was originally decorated) File:ParthenonFrise1.jpg|One of the few sections of the sculpture of the tympanum of the Parthenon still in place; others are the Elgin marbles in London File:Strasbourg Cathédrale3.JPG|Archivolts surrounding a tympanum of the west façade Strasbourg Cathedral, France Image:Notre Dame Paris front facade lower.jpg|The three tympana on the main façade of Notre-Dame de Paris, France Image:Stralsund, Germany, Nikolaikirche, Schmuck über der Eingangstür (2006-09-29).JPG|Sculpted tympanum in Stralsund, Germany File:Collegiale-Thann-p1010095.jpg|Adoration of the Magi on a tympanum on Saint-Thiébaut Church, Thann, France Image:Gourgouillon adoration.jpg|Religious scene in a tympanum, Saint Joseph church, Clermont-Ferrand, France Image:Vitoria - San Pedro 50.JPG|Scenes of the lives of Saint Peter and Mary, St Peter's, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain Image:Olin-Warner-LoC-tympanum-Highsmith.jpeg|High-relief bronze tympanum of Writing, Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, DC, USA File:Kilpeck church, tympanum.jpg|Tympanum (showing the tree of life) and archivolt at Church of St Mary and St David, Kilpeck File:Rowlestone_tympanum.jpg|Tympanum showing Christ in Majesty with four attendant angels, Rowlestone, Herefordshire, UK File:Manila Cathedral Door Writings.jpg | Typanum of the Manila Cathedral in Intramuros, Philippines 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tympanum (architecture)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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